کشف ذراتی که سریع تر از نور هستند چالشی جدی برای فرضیه نسبیت انیشتن

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کشف ذراتی که سریع تر از نور هستند چالشی جدی برای فرضیه نسبیت انیشتن

جدید‌ترین آزمایشات بر روی سرعت نور (اپرا) در مرکز تحقیقات هسته ی اروپا (کرن) واقع در ژنو منجر به نتایج شگفت آوری شده که میتواند اساس فرضیه نسبیت انیشتن را دگرگون کند

دانشمندان در مرکز تحقیقات هسته ای سرن در شهر ژنو می‌گویند که پس از سنجش سرعت ذرات بنیادی پی برده اند که این ذرات سرعتی بیشتر از نور دارند، نتیجه ای که با یکی از قوانین اساسی فیزیک مغایرت دارد.
این نتیجه پس از آن به دست آمده است که ذرات بنیادی از مرکز تحقیقاتی سرن به یک آزمایشگاه دیگر واقع در هفتصد کیلومتری این آزمایشگاه پرتاب شد.
دانشمندان در مرکز تحقیقات هسته ای سرن می‌گویند که از این نتیجه تعجب کرده اند و از دیگر دانشمندان هم خواسته اند که مستقلا این آزمایش را مورد بررسی و تائید قراردهند.
اگر نتیجه این آزمایش تایید شود بخشی از تئوری نسبیت آلبرت انیشتن که می گوید سرعتی بالاتر از سرعت نور وجود ندارد، نقض خواهد شد.

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Neutrino particle traveling faster than light? Two ways it could rewrite physics.

Neutrino particles break speed of light: A building of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is illuminated outside Geneva, Switzerland in this file photo. Scientists at CERN say they have clocked subatomic neutrino particles traveling faster than light.
Anja Niedringhaus/AP/File

European scientists are shocked by an experiment that showed neutrino particles moving faster than light. The result, if confirmed, could challenge Einstein's signature theory on relativity or point to a universe of more than four dimensions.


Scientists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) say they have measured tiny subatomic particles traveling faster than light.



The difference in speeds is tiny – some 60 billionths of a second over a distance of 454 miles. Even so, if other labs can reproduce the effect, physicists envision one of two far-reaching outcomes.
In one, the CERN team's results could bolster quantum theories of gravity – the last of nature's four fundamental forces scientists are trying to fit under the umbrella of quantum physics. Theories of quantum gravity suggest that at sufficiently high energies, particles can appear to travel faster than light because they traverse extra dimensions of space.
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One example is string theory, which posits a universe of many more dimensions than the four humans experience.
"If you have a theory in which there is more than one way to get from A to B, maybe you can have a shortcut and have the appearance of traveling faster than the speed of light," says Stephen Parke, who heads the theoretical physics department at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill.
The alternative? A pillar of modern physics – Einstein's theory of special relativity, in which the speed of light is a particle's absolute speed limit – could take its first serious hit. Perhaps not flat wrong, but only a piece of a more complete picture.
The CERN team's observation "is a pretty revolutionary result. There will be a lot of people who are skeptical about it in the community, and rightfully so," Dr. Parke says. "Other people need to redo this experiment and see whether they get similar results."
The particles involved are neutrinos, fiendishly difficult to work with because they rarely interact with matter. Thus particle accelerators must produce them in vast quantities in order to spot rare interactions with detectors when they do occur.
They come in three types, and the experiment the team was running – dubbed OPERA – was designed to track neutrinos as they morph from one type to another as they travel.
The team generated beams of neutrinos at CERN, which straddles the French-Swiss border. They aimed the beams at detectors in a cavern at Gran Sasso, Italy, some 450 miles away. With a set of detectors at CERN, and another at Gran Sasso, the team was measuring the neutrinos' travel time between the two. That's when the discrepancy began to emerge.